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Herbs Index (G)
GALINGALE
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Botanical Name: Alpinia nigra (Gaertn.) B.L. Burtt.
Family: Zingiberaceae
Part: Rhizome
Product Forms: Dried, powder
Uses:
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1) Galingale is an acrid hot culinary spice;
2) As herb, it is expectorant, carminative, laxative, antidysenteric and
antiperistaltic; and
3) Used externally, galingale is poulticed to treat tinea;
4) To treat hives, pound galingle, using spirit as a vehicle, and apply the spirit on rashes several times until the rashes disappear.
Chemical Constituents:
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Galingale rhizomes consist of 0.04-5% volatile oil. The chemical constituents in this oil are methyl cinnamate (48%), gineol (20-30%), cineol, eugenol, camphor, pipene, cadinene, sesquiterpene, dioxyflavonol and the most important, 1-acetoxychavicol acetate, an antibacterial agent.
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GARCINIA
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GARLIC
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Botanical Name: Allium sativum L.
Family: Alliaceae
Part: Bulb
Product Form: Dried cloves - bulbs
Garlic is a common culinary spice and herb.
Its bulbs contain 0.06-0.1% ethereal oil called Allicin (oliallyl disulphide oxide). Allicin is derived from the bio-reaction of alliin and enzyme Alliinase. It causes lipid oxidation, and reduces cholestoral and sugar in blood.
Chemical Constituents:
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alliin, deoxyalliin, diallyl disulphide, dially sulfide, allyl disulphide
Indications:
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1. Anti-hypertensive, anti-thrombus, and antiatherosclerosis;
2. Carminative, digestive tonic and longevity tonic;
3. Anti-bacterial, particularly on refractory bacteria, anti-viral, anti-fungal, protozuacide and ascaricide;
4. Anti-oxidant and anti-aging;
5. Chemical antidote for certain substances, e.g. lead and mercury;
6. Garlic prevents tumor, cancer, arrhythmia and mutation;
7. Treatment of respiratory problems, poor digestion, flatulency, leprosy and ulcer.
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GINGER
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Botanical Name: Zingiber officinale Roscoe
Family: Zingiberaceae
Part: Rhizome
Product Forms: dried rhizomes and powder ginger
Uses:
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1) As hot spice; and
2) As antiflatulent, antipyretic, Expectorant, stomachic, and antemetic.
Chemical Constituents:
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Ginger is rich of oleoresin, which makes it savory.
Ginger rhizomes have 1-3% volatile oil, comprising of (-) zingiberene, (+)-ar-curcumene, (-)-beta-sesquiphillandrene, E, E-alpha-farnesene that are antibacterial and antiflatulent. Other constituents in the rhizomes are camphene, pellandrene, zingiberene, cineol, borneol, linalool.
With certain solvents, we can extract from the rhizomes, some sticky, dark brown and acrid oleoresin known as, gingerin. Gingerin as used medically is composed of gingerols, shogaols and zingerones.
The extract also contains active ingredients that are derivatives of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl, e.g. zingerone, gingerdiol, gingerdione, ginerols, shogaols. Presently, these ingredients are used as antemetic, analgesic, antioncotic and antirheumatic.
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GAMBOGE
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Botanical Name: Garcinia Hanburyi Hook. f.
Family: Guttifereae
Product Form: Gum
Garcinia Hanburyi Hook. f. contains 70-80% resin, comprising of A.B. and Y. Garcinolic.
Uses:
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1) As cathartic. Overdose can cause stomachache.
2) As rapid cure for hypertension (limited dosage of 0.03 0.12 grams or ½ -2 grains).
3) Minimal, but regular doses can prevent stroke.
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GYMNOPETALUM COCHINCHINENSIS
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Botanical Name: Gymnopetalum cochinchinensis (Lour.) Kurz
Family: Cucurbitaceae
Part: Fruits
Indications:
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This very bitter herb is a febrifuge, digestive tonic, digestant, and a medicine for treatment of metropathy after miscarriage. It is also a gall tonic and a cure for toxemia.
By: Bangkok Crude Drugs Import and Export Co., Ltd., Thailand
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